ปฏิกิริยาครึ่งเซลล์รีดักชัน | E0 (V) |
Aluminum | |
Al3+(aq) + 3e– |
-1.677 |
AlF63+ + 3e– |
-2.069 |
Al(OH)4– + 3e– |
-2.328 |
Antimony | |
SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e– |
0.208 |
Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e– |
0.147 |
Arsenic | |
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e– |
0.575 |
H3AsO3 + 3H+ + 3e– |
0.147 |
As(s) + 3H+ + 3e– |
-0.238 |
Barium | |
Ba2+ + 2e– |
-2.906 |
Beryllium | |
Be2+ + 2e– |
-1.968 |
Bismuth | |
Bi3+ + 3e– |
0.308 |
BiCl4– + 3e– |
0.16 |
Boron | |
2B(s) + 6H+ + 6e– |
-0.150 |
B(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3e– |
-0.889 |
Bromine | |
Br2(aq) + 2e– |
1.098 |
Br2(l) + 2e– |
1.078 |
BrO3– + 6H+ + 5e– |
1.513 |
BrO3– + 3H2O + 6e– |
0.613 |
Cadmium | |
Cd2+ + 2e– |
-0.402 |
Calcium | |
Ca2+ + 2e– |
-2.868 |
CaSO4(s) + 2e– |
-2.936 |
Cerium | |
Ce4+ + e– |
1.72 1.70, 1 M HClO4 1.44, 1 M H2SO4 1.61, 1 M HNO3 1.47, 1 M HCl |
Ce3+ + e– |
-2.336 |
Cesium | |
Cs3+ + e– |
-3.026 |
Chlorine | |
Cl2(g) + 2e– |
1.360 |
Cl2(aq) + 2e– |
1.396 |
Chromium | |
Cr3+ + e– |
-0.42 |
Cr3+ + 3e– |
-0.74 |
Cr2+ + 2e– |
-0.89 |
Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e– |
1.36 |
Cobalt | |
Co3+ + e– |
1.92 1.817, 8 M H2SO4 1.850, 4 M HNO3 |
Co2+ + 2e– |
-0.282 |
Co(OH)2(s) + 2e– |
-0.746 |
Co(NH3)63+ + e– |
0.1 |
Copper | |
Cu+ + e– |
0.518 |
Cu2+ + 2e– |
0.339 |
Cu2+ + e– |
0.161 |
CuCl(s) + e– |
0.137 |
Fluoride | |
F2(g) + 2e– |
2.890 |
Gallium | |
Ga3+ + 3e– |
-0.549 |
Germanium | |
Ge2+ + 2e– |
0.1 |
Gold | |
Au+ + e– |
1.69 |
Au3+ + 2e– |
1.41 |
AuCl2– + e– |
1.154 |
AuCl4– + 2e– |
0.926 |
Hydrogen | |
2H+ + 2e– |
0.00 |
2H2O + e– |
-0.828 |
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– |
1.77 |
Indium | |
In3+ + 3e– |
-0.338 |
In3+ + 2e– |
-0.444 |
In(OH)3(s) + 3e– |
-0.99 |
Iodine | |
I2(aq) + 2e– |
0.620 |
I2(s) + 2e– |
0.535 |
I3– + 3e– |
0.535 |
IO3– + H2O + 6e– |
0.269 |
Iron | |
Fe3+ + e– |
0.771 0.732, 1 M HCl 0.767, 1 M HClO4 0.680, 1 M H2SO4 0.746, 1 M HNO3 |
Fe2+ + 2e– |
-0.44 |
Lanthanum | |
La3+ + 3e– |
-2.379 |
Lead | |
Pb4+ + 2e– |
1.69, 1 M HNO3 |
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e– |
1.458 |
Pb2+ + 2e– |
-0.126 |
PbF2(s) + 2e– Pb(s) +2F– | -0.350 |
PbSO4(s) + 2e– Pb(s) +SO42– | -0.355 |
Lithium | |
Li+ + e– |
-3.040 |
Lutetium | |
Lu3+ + 3e– |
-2.28 |
Magnesium | |
Mg2+ + 2e– |
-2.360 |
MgOH+ + H+ + 2e– |
-2.022 |
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e– |
-2.690 |
Manganese | |
MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e– |
1.692 |
Mn3+ + 2e– |
1.56 |
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– |
1.507 |
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e– |
1.230 |
MnO4–+ e– |
0.825 |
Mn2+ + 2e– |
-1.182 |
Mn(OH)2(s) + 2e– |
-1.565 |
Mercury | |
2Hg2+ + 2e– |
0.908 |
Hg2+ + 2e– |
0.852 |
Hg22+ + 2e– |
0.796 |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e– |
0.268 0.241 (SCE) |
Hg(OH)2(s) + 2e– |
0.206 |
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e– |
0.140 |
Molybdenum | |
MoO42– + 2H2O + 2e– |
-0.818 |
MoO42– + 4H2O + 6e– |
-0.926 |
Nickel | |
Ni2+ + 2e– |
-0.236 |
Ni(OH)2(s) + 2e– |
-0.714 |
Nitrogen | |
NH3 + 3H+ + 3e– |
2.079 |
N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e– |
1.769 |
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e– |
1.587 |
NO3– + 4H+ + 3e– |
0.955 |
NO3– + 3H+ + 2e– HNO2 + H2O | 0.798 |
NO3– + 2H+ + e– |
0.274 |
Oxygen | |
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e– |
2.075 |
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e– |
1.229 |
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e– |
0.695 |
Palladium | |
Pd2+ + 2e– |
0.915 |
Platinum | |
Pt2+ + 2e– |
1.18 |
PtO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e– |
0.92 |
PtCl42- + 2e– |
0.755 |
PtCl62- + 2e– |
0.68 |
Potassium | |
K+ + e– |
-2.936 |
Selenium | |
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e– |
-0.082 |
Se(s) + 2e– |
-0.67 |
Silicon | |
Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e– |
-0.147 |
Silver | |
Ag2+ + e– |
1.989 2.000, 4 M HClO4 1.929, 4 M HNO3 |
Ag+ + e– |
0.7993 |
Ag2Cr2O4(s) + 2e– |
0.465 |
AgCl(s) + e– |
0.222 0.197, sat.KCl |
Sodium | |
Na+ + e– |
-2.714 |
Strontium | |
Sr2+ + 2e– |
-2.889 |
Sulfur | |
SO2 + 4H+ + 4e– |
0.450 |
2H2SO4 + 2H+ + 4e– |
0.40 |
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e– |
0.174 |
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e– |
0.144 |
S(s) + 2e– |
-0.476 |
SO32– + 3H2O + 4e– |
-0.659 |
SO42– + 4H2O + 6e– |
-0.751 |
SO42– + H2O + 2e– |
-0.936 |
Thallium | |
Tl3+ + 2e– |
1.280 0.77, 1 M HCl 1.26, 1 M HClO4 1.22, 1 M H2SO4 1.23, 1 M HNO3 |
Tl3+ + 3e– |
0.742 |
Tl+ + e– |
-0.336 |
Thorium | |
Th4+ + 4e– |
-1.826 |
Tin | |
Sn4+ + 2e– |
0.15 0.139, 1 M HCl |
Sn2+ + 2e– |
-0.141, 1 M HCl |
Titanium | |
Ti3+ + e– |
-0.9 |
Ti2+ + 2e– |
-1.60 |
Vanadium | |
V3+ + e– |
-0.255 |
V2+ + 2e– |
-1.125 |
Zinc | |
Zn2+ + 2e– |
-0.762 |
Zirconium | |
Zr4+ + 4e– |
-1.45 |