ปฏิกิริยาครึ่งเซลล์รีดักชัน | E0 (V) |
Aluminum | |
Al3+(aq) + 3e– Al(s) | -1.677 |
AlF63+ + 3e– Al(s) + 6F- | -2.069 |
Al(OH)4– + 3e– Al(s) + 4OH- | -2.328 |
Antimony | |
SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e– Sb(s) + H2O | 0.208 |
Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e– 2Sb(s) + 3H2O | 0.147 |
Arsenic | |
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e– H3AsO3 + H2O | 0.575 |
H3AsO3 + 3H+ + 3e– As(s) + 3H2O | 0.147 |
As(s) + 3H+ + 3e– AsH3(g) | -0.238 |
Barium | |
Ba2+ + 2e– Ba(s) | -2.906 |
Beryllium | |
Be2+ + 2e– Be(s) | -1.968 |
Bismuth | |
Bi3+ + 3e– Bi(s) | 0.308 |
BiCl4– + 3e– Bi(s) + 4Cl– | 0.16 |
Boron | |
2B(s) + 6H+ + 6e– B2H6(g) | -0.150 |
B(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3e– B(s) + 3H2O | -0.889 |
Bromine | |
Br2(aq) + 2e– 2Br–(aq) | 1.098 |
Br2(l) + 2e– 2Br–(aq) | 1.078 |
BrO3– + 6H+ + 5e– 1/2Br2(l) + 3H2O | 1.513 |
BrO3– + 3H2O + 6e– Br– + 6OH- | 0.613 |
Cadmium | |
Cd2+ + 2e– Cd(s) | -0.402 |
Calcium | |
Ca2+ + 2e– Ca(s) | -2.868 |
CaSO4(s) + 2e– Ca(s) + SO42– | -2.936 |
Cerium | |
Ce4+ + e– Ce3+ |
1.72 1.70, 1 M HClO4 1.44, 1 M H2SO4 1.61, 1 M HNO3 1.47, 1 M HCl |
Ce3+ + e– Ce(s) | -2.336 |
Cesium | |
Cs3+ + e– Cs(s) | -3.026 |
Chlorine | |
Cl2(g) + 2e– 2Cl– | 1.360 |
Cl2(aq) + 2e– 2Cl– | 1.396 |
Chromium | |
Cr3+ + e– Cr2+ | -0.42 |
Cr3+ + 3e– Cr(s) | -0.74 |
Cr2+ + 2e– Cr(s) | -0.89 |
Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e– 2Cr3+ + 7H2O | 1.36 |
Cobalt | |
Co3+ + e– Co2+ | 1.92 1.817, 8 M H2SO4 1.850, 4 M HNO3 |
Co2+ + 2e– Co(s) | -0.282 |
Co(OH)2(s) + 2e– Co(s) + 2OH– | -0.746 |
Co(NH3)63+ + e– Co(NH3)62+ | 0.1 |
Copper | |
Cu+ + e– Cu(s) | 0.518 |
Cu2+ + 2e– Cu(s) | 0.339 |
Cu2+ + e– Cu+ | 0.161 |
CuCl(s) + e– Cu(s) + Cl– | 0.137 |
Fluoride | |
F2(g) + 2e– 2F– | 2.890 |
Gallium | |
Ga3+ + 3e– Ga(s) | -0.549 |
Germanium | |
Ge2+ + 2e– Ge(s) | 0.1 |
Gold | |
Au+ + e– Au(s) | 1.69 |
Au3+ + 2e– Au+ | 1.41 |
AuCl2– + e– Au(s) + 2Cl– | 1.154 |
AuCl4– + 2e– AuCl2- + 2Cl– | 0.926 |
Hydrogen | |
2H+ + 2e– H2(g) | 0.00 |
2H2O + e– 1/2H2(g) + OH– | -0.828 |
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e– 2H2O | 1.77 |
Indium | |
In3+ + 3e– In(s) | -0.338 |
In3+ + 2e– In2+ | -0.444 |
In(OH)3(s) + 3e– In(s) + OH– | -0.99 |
Iodine | |
I2(aq) + 2e– 2I– | 0.620 |
I2(s) + 2e– 2I– | 0.535 |
I3– + 3e– 3I– | 0.535 |
IO3– + H2O + 6e– I– + 6OH– | 0.269 |
Iron | |
Fe3+ + e– Fe2+ |
0.771 0.732, 1 M HCl 0.767, 1 M HClO4 0.680, 1 M H2SO4 0.746, 1 M HNO3 |
Fe2+ + 2e– Fe(s) | -0.44 |
Lanthanum | |
La3+ + 3e– La(s) | -2.379 |
Lead | |
Pb4+ + 2e– Pb2+ | 1.69, 1 M HNO3 |
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e– Pb(s) +2H2O | 1.458 |
Pb2+ + 2e– Pb(s) | -0.126 |
PbF2(s) + 2e– Pb(s) +2F– | -0.350 |
PbSO4(s) + 2e– Pb(s) +SO42– | -0.355 |
Lithium | |
Li+ + e– Li(s) | -3.040 |
Lutetium | |
Lu3+ + 3e– Lu(s) | -2.28 |
Magnesium | |
Mg2+ + 2e– Mg(s) | -2.360 |
MgOH+ + H+ + 2e– Mg(s) + H2O | -2.022 |
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e– Mg(s) + 2OH– | -2.690 |
Manganese | |
MnO4– + 4H+ + 3e– MnO2(s) + 2H2O | 1.692 |
Mn3+ + 2e– Mn2+ | 1.56 |
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– Mn2+ + 4H2O | 1.507 |
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e– Mn2+ + 2H2O | 1.230 |
MnO4–+ e– MnO42– | 0.825 |
Mn2+ + 2e– Mn(s) | -1.182 |
Mn(OH)2(s) + 2e– Mn(s) + 2OH– | -1.565 |
Mercury | |
2Hg2+ + 2e– Hg22+ | 0.908 |
Hg2+ + 2e– Hg(l) | 0.852 |
Hg22+ + 2e– 2Hg(l) | 0.796 |
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e– 2Hg(l) + 2Cl– | 0.268 0.241 (SCE) |
Hg(OH)2(s) + 2e– Hg(l) + 2OH– | 0.206 |
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e– 2Hg(l) + 2Br– | 0.140 |
Molybdenum | |
MoO42– + 2H2O + 2e– MoO2(s) + 4OH– | -0.818 |
MoO42– + 4H2O + 6e– Mo(s) + 8OH– | -0.926 |
Nickel | |
Ni2+ + 2e– Ni(s) | -0.236 |
Ni(OH)2(s) + 2e– Ni(s) + 2OH– | -0.714 |
Nitrogen | |
NH3 + 3H+ + 3e– N2(g) + NH4+ | 2.079 |
N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e– N2(g) + H2O | 1.769 |
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e– N2O(g) + H2O | 1.587 |
NO3– + 4H+ + 3e– NO(g) + 2H2O | 0.955 |
NO3– + 3H+ + 2e– HNO2 + H2O | 0.798 |
NO3– + 2H+ + e– 1/2N2O4 + H2O | 0.274 |
Oxygen | |
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e– O2(g) + H2O | 2.075 |
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e– 2H2O | 1.229 |
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e– H2O2 | 0.695 |
Palladium | |
Pd2+ + 2e– Pd(s) | 0.915 |
Platinum | |
Pt2+ + 2e– Pt(s) | 1.18 |
PtO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e– Pt(s) + 2H2O | 0.92 |
PtCl42- + 2e– Pt(s) + 4Cl– | 0.755 |
PtCl62- + 2e– PtCl42- + 2Cl– | 0.68 |
Potassium | |
K+ + e– K(s) | -2.936 |
Selenium | |
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e– H2Se(g) | -0.082 |
Se(s) + 2e– Se2- | -0.67 |
Silicon | |
Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e– SiH4(g) | -0.147 |
Silver | |
Ag2+ + e– Ag+ | 1.989 2.000, 4 M HClO4 1.929, 4 M HNO3 |
Ag+ + e– Ag(s) | 0.7993 |
Ag2Cr2O4(s) + 2e– 2Ag(s) + Cr2O42- | 0.465 |
AgCl(s) + e– Ag(s) + Cl– | 0.222 0.197, sat.KCl |
Sodium | |
Na+ + e– Na(s) | -2.714 |
Strontium | |
Sr2+ + 2e– Sr(s) | -2.889 |
Sulfur | |
SO2 + 4H+ + 4e– S(s) + 2H2O | 0.450 |
2H2SO4 + 2H+ + 4e– S2O32- + 3H2O | 0.40 |
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e– H2S(g) | 0.174 |
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e– H2S(aq) | 0.144 |
S(s) + 2e– S2- | -0.476 |
SO32– + 3H2O + 4e– S(s)+ 6OH- | -0.659 |
SO42– + 4H2O + 6e– S(s)+ 8OH- | -0.751 |
SO42– + H2O + 2e– S2O32- + 2OH- | -0.936 |
Thallium | |
Tl3+ + 2e– Tl+ |
1.280 0.77, 1 M HCl 1.26, 1 M HClO4 1.22, 1 M H2SO4 1.23, 1 M HNO3 |
Tl3+ + 3e– Tl(s) | 0.742 |
Tl+ + e– Tl(s) | -0.336 |
Thorium | |
Th4+ + 4e– Th(s) | -1.826 |
Tin | |
Sn4+ + 2e– Sn2+ | 0.15 0.139, 1 M HCl |
Sn2+ + 2e– Sn(s) | -0.141, 1 M HCl |
Titanium | |
Ti3+ + e– Ti2+ | -0.9 |
Ti2+ + 2e– Ti(s) | -1.60 |
Vanadium | |
V3+ + e– V2+ | -0.255 |
V2+ + 2e– V(s) | -1.125 |
Zinc | |
Zn2+ + 2e– Zn(s) | -0.762 |
Zirconium | |
Zr4+ + 4e– Zr(s) | -1.45 |